Lumbar Slipped Disc (Herniated Disc)

A lumbar slipped disc, also called a herniated or prolapsed disc, occurs when the gel-like cushion between the lower spine bones pushes out through its outer layer, often irritating nearby nerves. This common spinal condition can cause lower back pain, numbness, weakness, and sharp leg pain known as sciatica. Early diagnosis and treatment can help relieve symptoms and improve mobility.

What Are Intervertebral Discs?

The intervertebral discs are the cushions between the vertebral bones of the spine that facilitate shock absorption and movement. They consist of two components. An inner gel-like region (nucleus pulposus) that absorbs the pressure when we are in an upright position, and an outer fibrous layer (annulus fibrosus) which resists shear stresses as we move throughout the day.

How Does a Slipped Disc Occur?

The intervertebral discs in the lower back undergo constant mechanical stress throughout daily activities. Over time, this can lead to minor tears in the outer layer of the disc. When this happens, the inner gel may protrude or leak out—this is referred to as a lumbar slipped disc.

This condition is not exclusive to individuals who engage in heavy lifting or strenuous activity. Prolonged sitting, poor posture, or general wear-and-tear due to ageing can also contribute to disc degeneration and eventual herniation in the lumbar spine.

Symptoms of a Lumbar Slipped Disc

A lumbar slipped disc can cause a range of symptoms, depending on the severity and extent of nerve compression:

• Persistent or severe lower back pain
• Shooting pain that travels from the buttock down the leg (commonly known as sciatica)
• Numbness, tingling, or weakness in the lower limb
• In severe cases, a loss of bladder or bowel control

Diagnosis of a Lumbar Slipped Disc

Proper evaluation is crucial because several other lumbar spine conditions may present similar symptoms. These include lumbar spinal stenosis, vertebral fractures, infections, and even tumours.

At Dr. Mark Tan BH’s practice, the evaluation includes:

• A thorough medical history review
• Detailed physical examination, including nerve function testing

Based on the findings, further investigations may be recommended, such as:

• Radiographs (X-rays)
• MRI scans to assess lumbar disc damage and nerve involvement
• Nerve conduction studies to evaluate electrical activity in the affected nerves

Conservative (Non-Surgical) Treatment Options

Most patients begin with non-surgical treatments to manage symptoms of a lumbar slipped disc and sciatica. These may include:

• Oral pain medications to reduce discomfort and inflammation
• Referral to a physiotherapist to improve mobility, strength, and posture
• Epidural steroid injections to reduce inflammation around the affected nerve roots
• Radiofrequency ablation techniques to interrupt pain signals and support rehabilitation

These treatments are designed to relieve pain, support physiotherapy efforts, and encourage early return to normal function.

Surgical Treatment (Minimally Invasive Techniques)

Surgical treatment may be recommended when there is a

• Failure of conservative management
• Intractable pain despite oral medication
• Development of neurological symptoms

In such cases, it is Dr Mark Tan BH’s preference that Key-hole or Pin-hole techniques (Tubular or Endoscopic Discectomies) be employed to improve postoperative recovery. These are routine and simple surgeries with extremely high success rates of pain relief.

Take the Next Step Toward Relief

If you’re experiencing ongoing back pain or signs of a lumbar slipped disc, early assessment can help identify the cause and guide effective treatment. You may wish to consult Dr Mark Tan BH for personalised care tailored to your condition.